EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON FISHES
Keywords:
Aquatic ecosystem, development, endocrine disruptors, growth, heavy metals, physiologyAbstract
Among the most significant pollution concerns are heavy metals. The aquatic ecology and aquatic organisms are seriously threatened by heavy metals because of their non-biodegradable nature. When heavy metal concentrations are beyond their safety threshold, fish may experience negative consequences. The main category of pollutants in any industrial discharge is made up of heavy metals because they are frequently used in all industrial applications. As cofactors for several enzymes and necessities for metabolic processes, several heavy metals, including Zn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn are vital. Fish physiology, metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction are all adversely affected by waterborne heavy metals. Fish development defects can result from heavy metal sensitivity in their early stages. Additionally, normal fish behaviors like swimming and spawning are negatively impacted by heavy metals. Many heavy metals are thought to be vital nutrients that benefit fish health, but when concentrations of these metals rise, they become deadly for both fish and humans who consume them. Because a sizable portion of the population eats fish, human health is also at risk. Ecological system disruption is also a result of heavy metals. In this review, we assessed the impact of various heavy metals on fish health and also provided information that is currently known regarding the effects of heavy metals on fish physiology, behaviour, growth, development, and reproduction. Fish endocrine disruption is mostly caused by heavy metals. Many more studies on metal interactions are required to reach the point of likelihood.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Z WASIF, M SAQLAIN, S HAYAT, S MAHMOOD, S SULEMAN (Author)
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